Paraquat-Exposition in der Landwirtschaft
Pesticide use and dermal exposures and effects (01.01.05)
Wesseling C, Aragón A, Blanco L, Penagos H, and van Wendel de Joode, Pesticide use and dermal exposures and effects in developing countries: data from Central America, Occupational and Environmental Exposure of Skin to Chemicals – 2005, abstract 52, 2005
‘Paraquat is another frequent agent of systemic poisoning, mostly after ingestion but severe and fatal occupational and accidental poisonings have been documented also after skin absorption, in adults and children. [4] (…) Total actual dermal exposure to paraquat in applicators of banana plantation in Costa Rica, assessed by skin pads in 1995, varied between 35 - 1130 mg/kg or 2 - 57 mg/hr, comparable to earlier studies in Asia performed in the eighties and about a factor 100 higher than a study performed in the US in 1975. [10] Wrists, legs and back were the most exposed body areas. Protective clothing did not effectively control dermal exposure with the herbicide getting under the clothing and gloves and into the boots, possibly increasing the penetration through the covered skin. Although it was not clear if the measured levels would lead to adverse health effects, observations showed the continuous presence of hazardous situations potentially leading to very high exposures. A second study evaluating the effectiveness of protective clothing measured lower levels of paraquat but still considerable amounts of skin residues, especially on the hands. [11] (…) Dermal exposures in developing countries are often so gross that no measurements seem to be needed to understand where and how the exposures occur and to intervene, e.g. spraying bare handed, in shorts and without shoes as occurred in the Nicaragua study (…) measurements may contribute to improvement of working practices, e.g. in the case of plantation workers with inefficient protective equipment.’
References: (4) Wesseling C, van Wendel de Joode B, Ruepert C, León C, Monge P, Hermosillo H, and Partanen T, Paraquat in developing countries. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 7, 275-286, 2001
(10) van Wendel de Joode BN, de Graaf IA, Wesseling C, and Kromhout H, Paraquat exposure of knapsack applicators on banana plantations in Costa Rica. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 2, 294-304, 1996
(11) Spruit O, and van Puijvelde, Evaluation of the protective equipment used during herbicide application on banana plantations, Internal report 1998-304, Wageningen Agricultural University 1998
‘Paraquat is another frequent agent of systemic poisoning, mostly after ingestion but severe and fatal occupational and accidental poisonings have been documented also after skin absorption, in adults and children. [4] (…) Total actual dermal exposure to paraquat in applicators of banana plantation in Costa Rica, assessed by skin pads in 1995, varied between 35 - 1130 mg/kg or 2 - 57 mg/hr, comparable to earlier studies in Asia performed in the eighties and about a factor 100 higher than a study performed in the US in 1975. [10] Wrists, legs and back were the most exposed body areas. Protective clothing did not effectively control dermal exposure with the herbicide getting under the clothing and gloves and into the boots, possibly increasing the penetration through the covered skin. Although it was not clear if the measured levels would lead to adverse health effects, observations showed the continuous presence of hazardous situations potentially leading to very high exposures. A second study evaluating the effectiveness of protective clothing measured lower levels of paraquat but still considerable amounts of skin residues, especially on the hands. [11] (…) Dermal exposures in developing countries are often so gross that no measurements seem to be needed to understand where and how the exposures occur and to intervene, e.g. spraying bare handed, in shorts and without shoes as occurred in the Nicaragua study (…) measurements may contribute to improvement of working practices, e.g. in the case of plantation workers with inefficient protective equipment.’
References: (4) Wesseling C, van Wendel de Joode B, Ruepert C, León C, Monge P, Hermosillo H, and Partanen T, Paraquat in developing countries. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 7, 275-286, 2001
(10) van Wendel de Joode BN, de Graaf IA, Wesseling C, and Kromhout H, Paraquat exposure of knapsack applicators on banana plantations in Costa Rica. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 2, 294-304, 1996
(11) Spruit O, and van Puijvelde, Evaluation of the protective equipment used during herbicide application on banana plantations, Internal report 1998-304, Wageningen Agricultural University 1998
 |
Document |
