Langzeit-Auswirkungen auf die Lunge
Respiratory symptoms (01.01.97)
Castro-Gutierrez N, McConnell R, Andersson K, Pacheco-Anton F, and Hogstedt C, Res-piratory symptoms, spirometry and chronic occupational paraquat exposure, Scan-dinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health 23, 421-427, 1997
In Nicaragua 134 plantation workers who had been exposed to paraquat (0.1-0.2%) over more than 2 years during spraying were questioned and their lung function was examined (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity). More than half of the workers (53%) had experienced a skin rash or burn from paraquat exposure, 25% had nosebleeds, 58% had nail damage, 42% had splashed their eyes and in several workers this lead to a continued blurred vision, in one case to an opacified cornea. A group of more intensely exposed workers included those who previously experienced rash or skin burn that was attributed to paraquat. Abnormal results for the lung function were not significantly related to paraquat exposure, except for slightly increased relative risk of 1.3 (not statistically sig-nificant) for having an obstructive defect among the more intensely exposed workers. Among the exposed workers there was an increased prevalence of breathlessness (dysp-nea) during exertion and this effect was related to intensity of paraquat exposure in a dose-dependent way (adjusted for smoking, age and gender). For grade 3 dyspnea in the more intensely exposed workers the relative risk was largest with 4.6 (95% confidence interval: 2.4-9.0). Among the more intensely exposed workers the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was increased with a relative risk of 2.0 (not statistically significant), and the prevalence of episodic shortness of breath accompanied by wheezing was increased with a relative risk of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.4-6.3). These results suggested that there was an effect of long-term paraquat exposure on respiratory health. It was presumed that subacute paraquat exposure (over a longer period of time and to relatively low doses) may lead to a decreased diffusing capacity, often with normal forced vital capacity, and does not cause lung fibrosis except in cases where exposure is acute and substantial (Levin et al 1979).
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In Nicaragua 134 plantation workers who had been exposed to paraquat (0.1-0.2%) over more than 2 years during spraying were questioned and their lung function was examined (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity). More than half of the workers (53%) had experienced a skin rash or burn from paraquat exposure, 25% had nosebleeds, 58% had nail damage, 42% had splashed their eyes and in several workers this lead to a continued blurred vision, in one case to an opacified cornea. A group of more intensely exposed workers included those who previously experienced rash or skin burn that was attributed to paraquat. Abnormal results for the lung function were not significantly related to paraquat exposure, except for slightly increased relative risk of 1.3 (not statistically sig-nificant) for having an obstructive defect among the more intensely exposed workers. Among the exposed workers there was an increased prevalence of breathlessness (dysp-nea) during exertion and this effect was related to intensity of paraquat exposure in a dose-dependent way (adjusted for smoking, age and gender). For grade 3 dyspnea in the more intensely exposed workers the relative risk was largest with 4.6 (95% confidence interval: 2.4-9.0). Among the more intensely exposed workers the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was increased with a relative risk of 2.0 (not statistically significant), and the prevalence of episodic shortness of breath accompanied by wheezing was increased with a relative risk of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.4-6.3). These results suggested that there was an effect of long-term paraquat exposure on respiratory health. It was presumed that subacute paraquat exposure (over a longer period of time and to relatively low doses) may lead to a decreased diffusing capacity, often with normal forced vital capacity, and does not cause lung fibrosis except in cases where exposure is acute and substantial (Levin et al 1979).
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