Nagami H, Nishigaki Y, Matsushima S, Matsushita T, Asanuma S, Yajima N, Usuda M, and Hirosawa M, Hospital-based survey of pesticide poisoning in Japan, 1998-2002, International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 11(2), 180-184, 2005

Among 65 work-related pesticide poisonings registered in Japanese hospitals during 1998-2000, 13 cases or 20% were caused by diquat and paraquat. 53% of the cases were acute or subacute poisonings, followed by acute dermatitis (24%), chemical burns (15%) and eye injury (6%). In 11% of the cases patients did not recover.
The author states that it would be appropriate to assign paraquat to class I

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